Common Mistakes

Frameworks that sound right but are usually being used too early — or for the wrong problem.

SWOTused forIndustry / competitive pressure

🐕 SWOT is a synthesis wrapper. The real work here is Porter's Five Forces. Use SWOT only at the end.

SWOTused forEntering a new market

🐕 SWOT skipped over the analysis. Start with Five Forces + PESTLE + TAM/SAM/SOM, then synthesise into SWOT.

SWOTused forMargins falling

🐕 SWOT will surface symptoms, not causes. Use Value Chain or Unit Economics first.

SWOTused forChoosing a growth route

🐕 SWOT won't tell you whether the growth route is viable. Use Ansoff for naming + TAM/SAM/SOM + NPV.

PESTLEused forEntering a new market

🐕 PESTLE is a scan, not a strategy. It feeds Five Forces and your market sizing.

PESTLEused forChoosing a growth route

🐕 PESTLE is the wrong tool for choosing a growth route — it can't say what to do.

Ansoff Matrixused forEntering a new market

🐕 Ansoff names the route. It does not prove the route is wise. Pair with VRIO, Five Forces and TAM/SAM/SOM.

Ansoff Matrixused forChoosing a growth route

🐕 Ansoff is a labelling exercise. Add NPV, capability tests, and market sizing before committing.

BCG Growth-Share Matrixused forPortfolio allocation

🐕 BCG only works with real portfolio + share data. Without that, use GE-McKinsey or skip the matrix and go to unit economics.

BCG Growth-Share Matrixused forChoosing a growth route

🐕 BCG is a portfolio tool. For a single product/business, it's the wrong tool.

NPVused forValidating a new product

🐕 NPV with speculative inputs is precision theatre. Validate the assumption with Lean Startup first.

NPVused forMacro uncertainty

🐕 Single-point NPV under deep uncertainty misleads. Use scenario analysis or real options.

Balanced Scorecardused forStrategy not executing

🐕 Scorecard without a clear strategy just creates dashboards. Use 7S to diagnose alignment first.

Kotter's 8-Step Change Modelused forPay / incentives

🐕 The problem isn't change adoption — it's that the incentives reward the wrong behaviour. Fix Herzberg-style hygiene and incentives first.

Kotter's 8-Step Change Modelused forTeam performance

🐕 Kotter assumes a change journey. If the issue is team climate or skill, use Psychological Safety or Situational Leadership.

Customer Journey Mappingused forUnit economics broken

🐕 A journey map will dress up symptoms. The real issue is unit economics — fix the maths first.

Customer Journey Mappingused forCustomer churn / loyalty

🐕 Journey maps are useful, but if churn is driven by price/value, start with JTBD and unit economics.